There was a huge spate of feminist SF in the '80s (thanks Ronald Reagan and the Moral Majority) about the future U.S. and the extension of religious conservatism/patriarchy. In addition to Atwood, ones that stand out in my memory are Sherri Tepper's The Gate to Women's Country (one of her least subtle books ;-), and Starhawk's The Fifth Sacred Thing (with a fantasy element of magic, and not subtle at all). I'm horrified that we are facing these battles for women's autonomy and equality still/again IRL.

P.S. I am currently enjoying Laurie Marks' Fire Logic, based on your previous rec!